Simplex
— One direction
• e.g. Television
Half duplex
— Either direction, but only one way at a time
• e.g. police radio
• Full duplex
— Both directions at the same time
• e.g. telephone
Frequency, Spectrum and
Bandwidth
Time domain concepts
Analog signal
• Varies in a smooth way over time
— Digital signal
• Maintains a constant level then changes to another constant
level
— Periodic signal
• Pattern repeated over time
— Aperiodic signal
• Pattern not repeated over time
Analogue & Digital Signals
Signal is usually made up of many frequencies
• Components are sine waves
• It can be shown (Fourier analysis) that any
signal is made up of component sine waves
• One can plot frequency domain functions
Data Rate and Bandwidth
• Any transmission system has a limited band of
frequencies
• This limits the data rate that can be carried
Reference :-
— One direction
• e.g. Television
Half duplex
— Either direction, but only one way at a time
• e.g. police radio
• Full duplex
— Both directions at the same time
• e.g. telephone
Frequency, Spectrum and
Bandwidth
Time domain concepts
Analog signal
• Varies in a smooth way over time
— Digital signal
• Maintains a constant level then changes to another constant
level
— Periodic signal
• Pattern repeated over time
— Aperiodic signal
• Pattern not repeated over time
Analogue & Digital Signals
Periodic
Signals
Frequency Domain Concepts
Signal is usually made up of many frequencies
• Components are sine waves
• It can be shown (Fourier analysis) that any
signal is made up of component sine waves
• One can plot frequency domain functions
Data Rate and Bandwidth
• Any transmission system has a limited band of
frequencies
• This limits the data rate that can be carried
Reference :-
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